Ritidoplastia clásica: una técnica vigente / Classic rhythodoplasty: a current technique

La cirugía de correctiva del envejecimiento facial tiene más de un siglo de historia documentada. Los cambios culturales han aumentado el número de operaciones. En Latinoamérica también ha aumentado, y la región ha sido activa en realizar aportes en los conceptos, técnicas y procedimientos complementarios. Además del crecimiento cuantitativo, la comprensión de los planos anatómicos faciales, cambios con la edad y los modos de corregirlos han sido de gran utilidad. Nuestra técnica del lifting cérvico-facial presentan ventajas como seguridad en el plano de disección, ausencia de tracción cicatricial y respeto capilar, proporcionando un resultado final natural de acuerdo a la solicitud de los pacientes

Corrective surgery for facial aging has more than a century of documented history. Cultural changes have increased the number of operations. In Latin America it has also increased, and the region has been active in making contributions in complementary concepts, techniques, and procedures. In addition to quantitative growth, the understanding of facial anatomical planes, changes with age and the ways to correct them have been very useful. Our cervical-facial lifting technique presents advantages such as safety in the dissection plane, absence of scar traction and capillary respect, providing a natural final result according to the request of the patients

Osteoma periférico de inusual localización mandibular. Presentación de un caso / Peripheral osteoma of unusual mandibular location. Case report / Osteoma periférico de localização mandibular incomum. Apresentação de um caso

RESUMEN Se presentó el caso de una paciente femenina de 40 años de edad que acudió a consulta por presentar aumento de volumen en la región parotídea izquierda. Se realizó ortopantomografía, radiografías simples anteroposterior y lateral de cráneo que revelaron la presencia de una imagen radiolúcida en la región lateral de la rama mandibular izquierda. El diagnóstico clínico fue de osteoma periférico a este nivel, por lo que se realizó remoción quirúrgica total de la lesión. La biopsia confirmó el diagnóstico de osteoma ebúrneo periférico. El osteoma es una neoplasia benigna de tejido óseo, poco frecuente y, rara vez, se localiza de manera aislada en la mandíbula. No se diagnosticaron complicaciones posoperatorias y la paciente mostró satisfacción con la atención estomatológica brindada.

ABSTRACT A 40-year-old female patient came to the consultation due to an increase in volume in the left parotid region. Orthopantomography and simple anteroposterior and lateral skull radiographies were performed, revealing the presence of a radiolucent image in the lateral region of the left mandibular side. The clinical diagnosis at this point was of peripheral osteoma, for which a total surgical removal of the lesion was performed. The biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of peripheral osteoma. An osteoma is a rare benign neoplasm of bone tissue, and is rarely found isolated in the mandible. Postoperative complications were not diagnosed and the patient was satisfied with the dental care provided.

RESUMO Foi apresentado o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 40 anos de idade, que compareceu à consulta por aumento de volume na região da parótida esquerda. Foram realizadas ortopantomografia, radiografias simples ântero-posterior e lateral do crânio, que revelaram a presença de imagem radiotransparente na região lateral do ramo mandibular esquerdo. O diagnóstico clínico foi de osteoma periférico a este nível, para o qual foi realizada a remoção cirúrgica total da lesão. A biópsia confirmou o diagnóstico de osteoma periférico ebúrneo. O osteoma é uma neoplasia benigna do tecido ósseo, pouco frequente e raramente localizada de forma isolada na mandíbula. Complicações pós-operatórias não foram diagnosticadas e o paciente ficou satisfeito com o atendimento odontológico prestado.

Cross-cultural validation of the FACE-Q Satisfaction with Facial Appearance Overall Scale (FACE-Q SFAOS) in Brazilian rhytidoplasty patients

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to culturally validate the FACE-Q - Satisfaction with Facial Appearance Overall Scale (Face-Q SFAOS) in a population of Brazilian rhytidoplasty patients. METHOD: Authorization for the translation and validation of the questionnaire was obtained from the FACE-Q SFAOS distribution rights holders. The FACE-Q SFAOS was translated and then back-translated. For cultural validation, a total of 57 women were selected 5 to 8 months after undergoing rhytidoplasty. Twenty of them participated in the cultural adaptation, 30 participated in the reproducibility analysis, and 57 participated in the construct validation. RESULTS: The analysis identified two factors (general appearance and face geometry) that exhibited excellent internal consistency. The total satisfaction score, which comprised nine items, also presented excellent internal consistency. Good reproducibility was found for Overall Appearance, Geometry and Total. There was a difference in the satisfaction means (total and factors) between procedure locations; patients undergoing frontal, upper eyelid and lower eyelid procedures were less satisfied than those who did not undergo such procedures. Satisfaction was higher with geometry than with overall face appearance. CONCLUSION: The FACE-Q SFAOS was adapted to the cultural context of Brazilian rhytidoplasty patients and was reproducible, and the scale exhibited face, content and construct validity.

Procedimentos cirúrgicos e não cirúrgicos para elevação das sobrancelhas: revisão sistemática e fluxograma de abordagem / Surgical and non-surgical procedures for eyebrow lift: systematic review and decision flowchart

Introdução: Realizar levantamento na literatura médica sobre os tratamentos cirúrgicos e não cirúrgicos da ptose de sobrancelha e apresentar um fluxograma de decisão para elevação da sobrancelha. Métodos: Revisão sistemática da literatura disponível no banco de dados da PUBMED seguindo critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Elaboração de um fluxograma para abordagem da queda de sobrancelha baseado na experiência dos autores. Resultados: Foi encontrada uma abundância de artigos descrevendo diversas táticas cirúrgicas e não cirúrgicas para correção da ptose de supercílio. As táticas cirúrgicas mais comuns foram a elevação interna do supercílio, elevação direta, elevação via temporal e ritidoplastia coronal / pré-triquial / endoscópica. Para a abordagem não cirúrgica foram encontradas o uso de toxina botulínica, preenchimento e fios de sustentação. Conclusão: Há diversas táticas cirúrgicas e não cirúrgicas descritas na literatura para elevação da sobrancelha, demonstrando que não há uma tática ideal para todos os pacientes. O uso de fluxograma pode ajudar a realizar uma abordagem sistemática e personalizada e considerando característica de cada paciente.

Introduction: To review the medical literature regarding the surgical and non-surgical treatments of eyebrow ptosis and to present a decision flowchart for eyebrow lift. Methods: A systematic review of the literature available was held in PUBMED following inclusion and exclusion criteria. A flowchart was elaborated to systematize the approach to eyebrow ptosis based on the experience of the authors. Results: Several articles were included describing a variety of surgical and non-surgical correction techniques for eyebrow ptosis. The most common surgical approaches were internal eyebrow elevation, direct elevation, temporal elevation, and coronal/pretrichial/endoscopic rhytidoplasty. The non-surgical approaches found were botulinum toxin injections, fillers, and fixation threads. Conclusion: There are several surgical and non-surgical procedures described in the literature for lifting of the eyebrow, demonstrating that there is no ideal method for all patients. The use of a flowchart can help carry out a systematic and personalized approach according to the characteristics of each patient.

Condutas na ritidoplastia e apontamentos histológicos na pele da face do paciente pós-bariátrica / Rhytidoplasty practices and histological notes for the facial skin of post-bariatric patients

Introdução: O número de pacientes classificados com sobrepeso ou obesos e, com isso, dos pacientes pós-bariátricas vem aumentando, gerando uma demanda por ritidoplastias neste perfil de público. O objetivo é expor a rotina e táticas cirúrgicas em um hospital de ensino, o perfil destes pacientes, além de um comparativo superficial histológico da pele, tecido celular subcutâneo e SMAS, entre os pacientes pós e não pós-bariátrica. Métodos: Foi realizado revisão de dados do centro cirúrgico e de prontuário entre os anos de 2012 e 2016 em um hospital público na cidade de Goiânia-GO, com levantamento de 32 casos. Resultados: A tática de ritidoplastia utilizada nos pacientes pós-bariátrica não apresenta grandes diferenças entre a utilizada nos pacientes não pós-bariátrica. A análise histopatológica das amostras colhidas evidenciou diferenças marcantes entre os pacientes pós e não pós-bariátrica. Conclusão: Percebeu-se que a técnica operatória na ritidoplastia do paciente pós-bariátrica sustentou detalhes específicos, com resultado cirúrgico pós-operatório satisfatório, uma pele de pior qualidade histológica, com complicações perioperatórias dentro do esperado e com necessidade de maiores estudos para avaliar durabilidade do procedimento.

Introduction: The number of patients classified as overweight or obese has resulted in an increased number of post-bariatric patients, generating a demand for rhytidoplasty in this public profile. The objective is to expose the routine and surgical tactics in a teaching hospital, patient profiles, subcutaneous cellular tissue, and the superficial musculoaponeurotic system are compared between post-bariatric and non-post-bariatric patients, as well as histological superficial comparison of the skin. Methods: A review of the data of 32 cases treated in 2012­2016 was conducted in a public hospital in Goiânia-GO. Results: The tactics of rhytidoplasty used in post-bariatric patients do not differ significantly from those used in nonpost- bariatric patients. A histopathological analysis of the collected samples showed marked differences between post-bariatric and non-post-bariatric patients. Conclusion: The surgical technique of rhytidoplasty of post-bariatric patients sustained specific details with satisfactory postoperative surgical results, skin with worse histological quality, perioperative complications within the expected range, and the need for further studies to assess the procedure's durability

Modified walking suture technique in rhytidectomy in a Shar-Pei dog / Técnica walking suture modificada na ritidectomia em shar-pei

Excessive facial skin folds is observed in several breeds of dogs and the weight exerted on the eyelids accents or promotes entropion, trichiasis and ptosis. Thus, this study reported a case of the 8-months-old male Shar-pei weighting 21.5kg was presented with an obstructed visual axis, eye discharge, fetid odor in facial folds around the jaw and the neck. It was indicated the surgical resection of the folds and correction of the upper and lower entropion. In this case, the association of Hotz-Celsus technique with rhytidectomy shaped in semiarchs, using the anchoring points with the modified walking suture, was effective in correcting the entropion and unblocking the visual axis with minimal scarring and preservation of the breed standard in 12 months follow up after surgery.

O excesso de pregas faciais é observado em várias raças de cães e o peso exercido sobre as pálpebras acentua ou promove entrópio, triquíase e ptose. Assim, este estudo relata o caso de Shar-pei, macho de 8 meses de idade, pesando 21,5 kg que apresentava o eixo visual obstruído, secreção ocular e odor fétido nas dobras faciais em torno da mandíbula e do pescoço. Foi indicada a ressecção cirúrgica das pregas e a correção do entrópio superior e inferior. Neste caso, a associação da técnica de Hotz-Celsus com a ritidectomia em forma de semiarcos, utilizando pontos de ancoragem com a técnica "walking suture" modificada, foi efetiva na correção do entrópio e na liberação do eixo visual, com mínima cicatriz e preservação do padrão da raça 12 meses após a cirurgia.

Ritidoplastia e paralisia facial: como lidar? / Facelift and Facial nerve injury: how to deal with?

Não é novidade para os cirurgiões plásticos, especialmente aos que se dedicam à cirurgia de face, que o nervo facial pode ser lesado virtualmente em qualquer cirurgia de ritidoplastia. Porém, apesar da importância contida nesse tema, não é tarefa simples encontrar na literatura artigos que abordem de forma objetiva a correlação entre lesão do nervo facial e cirurgia facial. Paralisias faciais, sejam elas completas ou não, podem se tornar situações potencialmente conflituosas na relação médicopaciente. Este artigo, portanto, visa propor de forma clara e sucinta, baseada na experiência dos autores, um guia de como evitar, identificar e tratar uma potencial lesão do nervo facial no contexto de uma cirurgia de face, em especial a ritidoplastia.

Is largely known that the facial nerve virtually can be injured in every facial lift. Even though its importance, it is difficult to find in the literature articles related to this theme. Complete or incomplete facial paralysis after a facial procedures, may become a very uncomfortable situation between the patient and the surgeon, that is why we propose in this article a guide which intends to help avoid, identify and manage a facial nerve injury in the event of a face lift. Identifying Facial palsy before the surgery: Intending to make the pre-op facial assessment as simple as possible, we suggest a systematic approach examination. Avoiding facial nerve injury during face lifting: Several technical details are discussed along the text aiming to minimize the risk of nerve damage during the surgical procedure. What to in the event of a post-operative facial palsy: The authors propose a logical approach to the facial palsy, suggesting a planning for diagnosis, classification of the lesion and a rational treatment for the injury. Conclusion: This article presents a guide showing some safe technical options to avoid nerve damage during rythidoplasty, how to identify the lesion and treat it if necessary.

Sistematização perioperatória para prevenção de hematomas em face-lifts: abordagem pessoal após 1. 138 casos operados / Perioperative systematization for the prevention of hematomas following face-lift procedures: a personal approach based on 1, 138 surgical cases

Introdução: O hematoma, complicação mais frequente do face-lift, pode exigir reabordagem cirúrgica e atrasar a recuperação do paciente. Na literatura, sua incidência varia entre 0,2 e 8%, sendo fundamentais novos estudos para padronização das medidas de prevenção. O objetivo é apresentar uma proposta de sistematização perioperatória que previna eficientemente a formação de hematomas em ritidoplastias. Métodos: Foram analisados 594 prontuários de pacientes operados pelo autor entre os anos de 2011 a 2018 a fim de se comparar as incidências de hematomas anteriores e posteriores à sistematização implementada no ano de 2015. Resultados: De julho de 2011 a dezembro de 2014, antes da adoção da sistematização, houve uma incidência de hematomas de 3,43% em 233 casos. Após sua adoção, houve uma queda para 1,66% em 361 casos realizados. Os últimos 177 casos consecutivos não apresentaram a complicação. Conclusão: Observamos redução expressiva da incidência de hematomas pós-ritidoplastias após o uso da padronização proposta. Nenhuma das medidas adotadas seria eficiente isoladamente, sendo o conjunto essencial na prevenção desta grave complicação.

Introduction: Hematoma, the most frequent complication of face-lift procedures, may require a second surgical approach, which delays patient recovery. In the literature, its incidence ranges from 0.2% to 8%, and further studies are essential to standardize preventive measures. The objective is to present a proposal of perioperative systematization for effectively prevention of hematoma formation after rhytidectomies. Methods: We analyzed the medical records of 594 patients who underwent operation by the author between 2011 and 2018 to compare the incidence of hematomas before and after the systematization implemented in 2015. Results: From July 2011 to December 2014, before the adoption of the systematization, the incidence of hematomas was 3.43% in 233 cases. After its adoption, the incidence decreased to 1.66% in 361 cases. The last 177 consecutive cases did not have this complication. Conclusion: We observed a significant reduction in the incidence of hematomas following rhytidectomy after the use of the proposed standardization. None of the measures would be effective alone; thus, their combined adoption is essential in preventing this serious complication.

Comparison of the Facelift Incision versus V-Shaped Incision for Parotidectomy / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to compare the results of V-shaped and modified facelift incisions for parotidectomy. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Ninety parotidectomy patients who underwent V-shaped and modified facelift incisions from 2014 to 2018 were enrolled in this study. Patient characteristics, tumor profiles, surgical outcomes, postoperative complications, and cosmetic results were assessed for the V-shaped (n=20) and modified facelift (n=70) incision groups. RESULTS: The tumor size was significantly larger in the modified facelift incision group than in the V-shaped incision group (2.6 cm vs. 1.9 cm, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding other baseline tumor characteristics, operating time, and postoperative complications. Although the results of Vancouver Scar Scale was similar in both groups, the V-shaped incision group showed higher subjective scar satisfaction scores than the modified facelift incision group (9.3 vs. 8.6, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the V-shaped incision is feasible and can provide better subjective scar satisfaction in selected parotidectomy patients without increased complications.

Evidencia clínica y microscópica de la degradación de hilos de dermosustentación de polidioxanona en presencia de ácido hialurónico: reporte de caso / Microscopic and clinical evidence of the degradation of polydioxanone lifting threads in the presence of hyaluronic acid: a case report

Se expone el caso de una paciente remitida por complicaciones posteriores a la implantación superficial en el tercio medio facial de hilos de polidioxanona espiculados. Presentaba edema, equimosis, palpación superficial del hilo y plicación dérmica. Para el tratamiento planteamos un novedoso protocolo de degradación clínica de hilos de polidioxanona, empleando ácido hialurónico inyectándolo en el área de su implantación. Se infiltró ácido hialurónico no reticulado en el trayecto a lo largo del recorrido del hilo. El seguimiento a los siete, 21 y 45 días evidenció disminución del edema, de los pliegues e irregularidades dérmicas por la tracción del hilo y atenuación de rítides secundarias. Una muestra del hilo en ácido hialurónico fue observado en campana de flujo laminar evidenciándose degradación a las 72 horas. Administrar ácido hialurónico fue efectivo para inducir la biodegradación clínica del hilo. La hipótesis derivada sugiere que el ácido hialurónico no reticulado es un poderoso catalizador de la degradación hidrolítica de la polidioxanona.

We present the case of a female patient with complications from superficial implantation of polydioxanone spiculated threads in the facial middle third. The manifestations were edema, ecchymosis, superficial palpation of the thread and skin plication. For the treatment we propose a novel protocol of clinical degradation of polydioxanone threads, using hyaluronic acid injecting it into the implantation area of the polydioxanone threads. Non-cross linked hyaluronic acid was infiltrated along the path of the thread. The follow-up at seven, 21 and 45 days showed decreased edema, folds and skin irregularities due to wire traction and attenuation of secondary rhytides. A sample of the thread in hyaluronic acid was observed in a laminar flow campaign evidencing degradation at 72 hours. Administering hyaluronic acid was effective in inducing clinical biodegradation of the thread suggesting that non-crosslinked hyaluronic acid is a powerful catalyst for the hydrolytic degradation of polydioxanone.

Intramasseteric schwannoma treated with facelift incision and retrograde facial nerve dissection

Schwannoma is a slow-growing, well-demarcated, benign soft tissue tumor of the peripheral nerve sheath. It commonly develops in the head and neck region, usually in the parapharyngeal space. In this case, a 42-year-old woman visited the outpatient department to manage a painless mass on her left cheek. She had no history of concern and no neurological symptoms were observed. In the enhanced computed tomography scan, a 2.8 × 2.8 × 1.8 cm, heterogeneously enhanced tumor was detected in the left masseter muscle. A tumor resection under general anesthesia was planned. For the resection, a facelift incision was chosen; branches of the facial nerve were identified and retrogradely dissected. A well-marginated, yellowish, solid mass was found in the left masseter muscle. The mass was excised and given a histopathological diagnosis of schwannoma. A definite diagnosis of schwannoma, originating in the masseter muscle, is difficult to arrive at with radiographic findings alone; it is often misdiagnosed as intramuscular hemangioma. Histopathological examinations, including fine-needle aspiration or histological biopsy after surgery, are necessary. Using a facelift incision with retrograde facial nerve dissection, tumor resection in an intramasseteric lesion can be performed efficiently, without nerve damage, or leaving conspicuous scars on the face.

Hair transplantation in patients with hair loss or scar deformity in the side hairline after midfacelifting surgery

BACKGROUND: Successful aesthetic plastic surgery is devoid of both unsightly scarring and postoperative disfigurement. Patients undergoing midface-lifting surgery are very often disconcerted by an altered side hairline, including sideburns, despite considerable amelioration of facial wrinkles. This study was conducted to identify an effective means of approaching an altered hairline and the unavoidable scarring arising from midface-lifting surgery. METHODS: A total of 37 patients who underwent corrective surgery with hair transplantation for hair loss or scar deformity arising from midface-lifting surgery from June 2014 to June 2017, and were observed for more than 6 months thereafter, were enrolled in the study. Prior to corrective surgery, the patients were administered a multiple-choice survey regarding their dissatisfaction arising from midface-lifting surgery. Among the 37 patients, 24, 12, and one underwent donor harvesting by the strip method, non-shaven follicular unit extraction, and partial shaving follicular unit extraction, respectively. Additionally, 33 of the 37 patients underwent hair transplantation in the frontotemporal recess area along with hairline correction surgery. The average number of transplanted grafts was 1,025. RESULTS: Surgery resulted in a natural and satisfactory appearance in all patients. The average patient and physician subjective satisfaction scores were 4.6 and 4.8, respectively. No adverse events such as folliculitis occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Side-hairline correction surgery by hair transplantation can be considered an effective method of realigning an altered hairline accompanied by scars following midfacelifting surgery.

A Case of Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Combined with Facelift Modified Radical Neck Dissection / 대한이비인후과학회지

We recently experienced a case of transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy combined with a modified radical neck dissection (MRND) using a facelift approach in a patient with keloid-prone skin. A 35-year-old female was diagnosed with a papillary thyroid carcinoma, which was 1.2 cm in diameter and showed level II-III lateral cervical metastases. The patient required total thyroidectomy and MRND; however, she was concerned about the neck incision because she had keloid-prone skin. We first performed a transoral, endoscopic total thyroidectomy combined with bilateral central node dissection via a tri-vestibular approach, and then followed it by MRND (II-V) using a facelift approach with the Da Vinci robotic system. We noted no significant complications, such as vocal cord palsy, hypoparathyroidism, or permanent loss of the lower lip or auricle. This new method of combining transoral and facelift approaches will be useful for patients with small thyroid cancers and lateral neck metastases.

Rejuvenescimento facial com lipoenxertia: sistematização e estudo de 151 casos consecutivos / Facial rejuvenation with fat grafting: systematization and study of 151 consecutive cases

Introdução: Considerando que a perda de volume facial é fator primário de envelhecimento, tem acontecido um aumento da demanda por materiais de preenchimento que sejam seguros, de longa duração e biocompatíveis. Nesse sentido, a utilização do enxerto de gordura vem ganhando bastante popularidade. Entretanto, existem questionamentos sobre segurança, eficácia e durabilidade da lipoenxertia. Além disso, a maioria dos artigos da literatura não menciona volumes injetados em cada área, dificultando o aprendizado dos iniciantes. Nesse estudo, analisam-se os resultados de uma série de 151 casos consecutivos de rejuvenescimento facial com lipoenxertia. Métodos: A gordura foi colhida por meio de sucção manual, centrifugada a 448g (2000 rpm/ raio 10cm) por 4 minutos e injetada com microcânulas de 1 a 1,1mm. Descreve-se a sistematização de áreas de injeção, com os respectivos volumes a serem aplicados. Resultados: Encontrou-se seguimento médio de 289,29 dias (mínimo 7, máximo 1254, DP 275,1), o volume médio injetado foi de 32 ml, variando de 4 a 68 (DP 14). Não houve complicações. Conclusão: A lipoenxertia é um procedimento seguro, previsível e efetivo, como opção de tratamento, para rejuvenescimento facial, em determinados casos.

Introduction: Considering that the loss of facial volume is a primary factor associated with aging, an increased demand for safe, long-lasting, and biocompatible filling materials has been observed. Thus, the use of fat grafting has gained considerable popularity. However, there are open questions about the safety, efficacy, and durability of fat grafting. Moreover, most studies have not presented the volumes injected in each region, making learning challenging for beginners in the area. In this study, the results of facial rejuvenation with fat grafting in 151 consecutive cases were analyzed. Methods: Fat was collected via manual suction, centrifuged at 448 g (2000 rpm/radius 10 cm) for 4 min, and injected with microcannulas that are 1-1.1 mm in size. The injection sites and corresponding injection volumes were identified. Results: The mean follow-up time was 289.29 days (minimum: 7 days, maximum: 1254 days, and standard deviation [SD]: 275.1), and the mean injection volume was 32 mL (range: 4-68 mL, SD: 14). Moreover, no complications were observed. Conclusion: Fat grafting is a safe, predictable, and effective procedure, and it can be used for facial rejuvenation in certain cases.

Miotomia glabelar fechada: uma nova abordagem cirúrgica para tratar rugas sem cicatrizes / Closed glabellar myotomy: a new surgical approach to treat wrinkles without scarring

Introdução: A hiperatividade da musculatura glabelar e as consequentes rugas são queixas frequentes na cirurgia plástica. O tratamento consiste em impedimento dos músculos relacionados. Propomos uma abordagem fechada para o tratamento da musculatura glabelar. Métodos: 78 pacientes foram operados entre abril de 2012 e agosto de 2015. A miotomia é realizada guiada pela marcação e tem início utilizando fio de poliglactina 0 ou fio de aço, passando várias vezes através das linhas marcadas, entrando pelo supercílio e utilizando o plano justaperiostal, retornando através do mesmo orifício da agulha em direção ao orifício de entrada, agora usando o plano subcutâneo. Resultados: Foram obtidos bons resultados em todos os casos com impedimento da atividade da musculatura glabelar durante o período avaliado (pelo menos 1 ano), com melhora das rugas e hiperatividade. As complicações observadas foram parestesia temporária na região frontal central (35 casos) e recidiva parcial (4 casos). Não foi observado nenhum caso de recorrência completa. As opções de tratamento cirúrgico de longo prazo para rugas glabelar são miotomia, neurotomia parcial ou miectomia. A miotomia glabelar fechada evita algumas possíveis complicações associadas a essas opções, diminui o tempo cirúrgico utilizando instrumentos cirúrgicos convencionais, permite a correção de assimetria, com menos edema, menos equimoses e evita cicatrizes. Conclusão: A miotomia glabelar fechada parece ser uma boa alternativa às outras opções cirúrgicas tradicionais, porque evita cicatrizes, permite correção de assimetria e apresenta bons resultados a longo prazo.

Introduction: Hyperactivity of the glabellar musculature and resulting wrinkles are frequent complaints in the field of plastic surgery. Treatment consists of blocking the involved muscles. We propose a closed approach for the treatment of glabellar musculature. Methods: Seventy-eight patients underwent operation between April 2012 and August 2015. Myotomy includes the use of markings and polyglactin 0 wire or steel wire, passing through the marked lines several times, entering the eyebrow and using the juxtaperiostal plane, returning through the same orifice of the needle toward the entry hole, and using the subcutaneous plane. Results: Good results were obtained in all cases by preventing glabellar muscle activity during the period evaluated (at least 1 year), with improvement in wrinkles and muscle hyperactivity. The complications observed included temporary paresthesia in the frontal region (35 cases) and partial recurrence (4 cases). There was no case of total recurrence. The options for long-term surgical treatment of glabellar wrinkles are myotomy, partial neurotomy, or myectomy. Closed glabellar myotomy prevents some possible complications associated with these options, reduces the surgical time, requires the use of conventional surgical instruments, eliminates scarring, and causes asymmetric correction, less edema, and fewer bruises. Conclusion: Closed glabellar myotomy seems to be a good alternative compared to other traditional surgical options, because it eliminates scarring, allows correction of asymmetry, and presents good long-term results.

Ritidoplastia com tunelização associada a lipoaspiração e descolamento reduzido / Rhytidectomy with tunneling combined with liposuction and reduced detachment

Introdução: Várias técnicas de rejuvenescimento facial buscam encontrar resultados satisfatórios com mínimas complicações. Com a introdução da lipoaspiração, a cirurgia da face teve um grande benefício na região cervical. O objetivo deste estudo é demonstrar a técnica de tunelização associada a lipoaspiração prévia e descolamento reduzido da face e plicatura do SMAS/ platisma para tratamento do envelhecimento facial. Métodos: Foram analisados retrospectivamente os resultados obtidos com 129 pacientes operados entre 2005 e 2015, com a tática cirúrgica proposta, aqui demonstrada. Resultados: Os pacientes apresentaram boa satisfação com a tática cirúrgica utilizada, baixo índice de complicações e retorno rápido ao trabalho. Conclusões: A ritidoplastia com tunelização associada a lipoaspiração e descolamento seletivo é efetiva, com boa mobilidade e segurança do retalho cutâneo suprajacente, reprodutível, sendo uma opção no tratamento do envelhecimento facial.

Introduction: Multiple facial rejuvenation techniques have been used to obtain satisfactory results with minimal complications. With the introduction of liposuction for facial surgery, treatment of the cervical region has improved. This study aimed to describe a technique using preceding liposuction combined with reduced detachment and plication of the superficial muscular aponeurotic system/platysma for treatment of facial aging. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the results in 129 patients who underwent surgery between 2005 and 2015. Results: The patients reported satisfaction with the surgical technique, a low complication rate, and early return to work. Conclusions: Rhytidectomy with tunneling combined with liposuction and selective detachment is effective, with good mobility of the overlying skin flap; the technique is safe and reproducible, and is an option for the treatment of facial aging.

Facial thread lifting with suture suspension / Rejuvenescimento facial com fios de sustentação

Abstract Introduction: The increased interest in minimally-invasive treatments, such as the thread lifting, with lower risk of complications, minimum length of time away from work and effectiveness in correcting ptosis and aging characteristics has led many specialists to adopt this technique, but many doubts about its safety and effectiveness still limit its overall use. Objective: To analyze data published in the literature on the durability of results, their effectiveness, safety, and risk of serious adverse events associated with procedures using several types of threading sutures. Methods: Literature review using the key words "thread lift", "barbed suture", "suture suspension" and "APTOS". Due to the scarcity of literature, recent reports of facial lifting using threads were also selected, complemented with bibliographical references. Result: The first outcomes of facial lifting with barbed sutures remain inconclusive. Adverse events may occur, although they are mostly minor, self-limiting, and short-lived. The data on the maximum effect of the correction, the durability of results, and the consequences of the long-term suture stay are yet to be clarified. Conclusion: Interest in thread lifting is currently high, but this review suggests that it should not yet be adopted as an alternative to rhytidectomy.

Resumo Introdução: O maior interesse por tratamentos minimamente invasivos, como os fios de sustentação, com menor risco de complicações, mínimo tempo de afastamento das atividades laborais e eficazes em corrigir a ptose e as rítides características do envelhecimento fez muitos especialistas adotarem essa técnica, porém muitas dúvidas sobre sua segurança e eficácia limitam sua adoção de forma geral. Objetivo: Analisar dados publicados na literatura sobre longevidade dos resultados, sua eficácia, segurança e seu risco de eventos adversos graves associados aos procedimentos com vários tipos de sutura. Método: Revisão de literatura com as palavras-chave thread lift, barbed suture, suture suspension e Aptos. Devido à escassez de literatura, foram também selecionados relatos recentes de rejuvenescimento facial com uso de fios, complementados com trabalhos das referências bibliográficas. Resultado: Os primeiros resultados da suspensão facial com fios com garras permanecem inconclusivos. Os eventos adversos podem ocorrer, embora em sua maioria sejam pequenos, autolimitados e de curta duração. Os dados sobre o efeito máximo da correção, a longevidade dos resultados e as consequências da permanência dos fios em longo prazo não são claros. Conclusão: O interesse pelo lifting com fios está em alta no momento, mas esta revisão sugere que ele não deve ser apresentado como opção a uma ritidoplastia.

Avaliação de 40 ritidoplastias realizadas no Hospital Federal do Andaraí segundo duas técnicas distintas: smasplastia cervicofacial mediante sutura de vetores e retalho subSMAS / Evaluation of 40 rhytidoplasties performed at the Federal Hospital of Andaraí to compare two different techniques: cervicofacial SMAS-plasty according to vector suturing and the sub-SMAS flap approach

Introdução: A ritidoplastia se tornou uma das cirurgias estéticas mais realizadas no mundo. Alguns preferem uma abordagem mais conservadora e outros defendem que, para obter resultados mais duradouros e efetivos, necessitam de intervenções agressivas. O objetivo é comparar resultados de 40 ritidoplastias realizadas no Hospital Federal do Andaraí ao longo de 22 meses, utilizando duas técnicas distintas, smasplastia mediante sutura de vetores e retalho subSMAS. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo em que 20 pacientes foram submetidas à smasplastia e outras 20 à retalho subSMAS. Um avaliador observou sob o ponto de vista estético algumas variáveis em regiões específicas da face e classificou a melhora baseado em fotografias pré-operatórias e 6 meses após o procedimento. A observação da ficha de coleta de dados possibilitou quantificar as complicações nas duas técnicas separadamente. Resultados: As duas técnicas demonstraram resultados semelhantes sob o ponto de vista estético com o objetivo de rejuvenescimento facial, melhora da flacidez cervical e definição da transição face/pescoço. Em especial, o retalho proporcionou melhores resultados na atenuação no sulco nasogeniano. Houve um caso de hematoma em cada técnica. Houve uma lesão nervosa na smasplastia. Não houve lesão do nervo facial, nem infecção. Edema superior a 3 meses foi mais prevalente naquelas submetidas ao retalho. Conclusões: Os dois métodos possuem vantagens e desvantagens e o melhor resultado depende do grau de envelhecimento do esqueleto facial, da perda de apoio de tecidos frouxos em áreas críticas como a região malar e próxima ao sulco labiomandibular, da característica de pele no pré-operatório e da experiência do cirurgião na técnica empregada.

Introduction: Rhytidectomy has become one of the most performed aesthetic surgeries in the world. Some surgeons prefer a more conservative approach, and others maintain that aggressive interventions are required to obtain results that are more durable and effective. This study aimed to compare the results of 40 rhytidectomies performed using either of two techniques, namely superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS)-plasty according to vector suturing and the sub-SMAS flap approach, at the Federal Hospital of Andaraí over 22 months. Methods: This is a descriptive study that included 20 patients who underwent SMAS-plasty and 20 patients who received a sub-SMAS flap. An assessor identified some variables in specific regions of the face from an aesthetic point of view, and he rated improvements based on photographs obtained before and 6 months after operation. The data collected allowed to quantify complications of both techniques separately. Results: From an aesthetic point of view, the two techniques showed similar results in terms of facial rejuvenation, improvement of cervical flaccidity, and definition of face/neck transition. The flap provided better results regarding the attenuation in the nasogenian sulcus. A case of hematoma occurred in each technique. Nerve injury occurred in the SMAS-plasty group. However, neither facial nerve injury nor infection occurred in both groups . Edema for >3 months was more prevalent in the sub-SMAS flap group. Conclusions: The two methods have advantages and disadvantages, and the best result depended on the degree of aging of the facial skeleton, the loss of supporting tissues in critical areas such as the malar region and next to the labiomandibular fold, the preoperative characteristic of the skin, and the surgeon's experience in the technique.

A península na ritidoplastia / The peninsula in rhytidoplasty

Introdução: A ascensão do pé do cabelo é um estigma frequente e desagradável nas ritidoplastias. Para contornar esse problema, criamos a técnica da Península em meados de 1999. Inicialmente utilizada nas faces secundárias, sua indicação foi ampliada, tornando-se imprescindível nos casos primários de implantação alta do cabelo e naqueles pacientes que necessitariam de grande ressecção de pele. Métodos: O total de ritidoplastias realizadas foi de 7356, tendo sido operados 2512 pacientes utilizando a técnica da Península, no período que cursa entre 1999 e 2016, com idade média de 48 anos, sendo 98% dos pacientes do sexo feminino e 2% do sexo masculino. A técnica apresenta três variantes. Resultados: Os pacientes continuaram, posteriormente, em acompanhamento mensal até a alta ao final de 6 meses. Dentre os resultados, surgiram algumas complicações, comuns a qualquer tipo de cirurgia da face. Na grande maioria dos casos, com a utilização da Península, foi possível a realização de uma boa tração cutânea, com maior correção do terço médio, mantendo a linha de implantação capilar. Conclusão: Podemos concluir que a técnica da Península é um recurso único, de fácil reprodução, capaz de reduzir a curva de aprendizado em ritidoplastias, uma vez que permite generosa ressecção de pele sem alteração da implantação capilar, atuando de modo a evitar estigmas pós-cirúrgicos e otimizando a qualidade dos resultados e satisfação por parte dos pacientes, com pequeno ônus cicatricial.

Introduction: High implantation of the hairline by the ear is a frequent, unpleasant stigma in rhytidoplasties. To overcome this problem, we created the Peninsula technique in the mid-1999. Initially used in secondary face liftings, its indication has since been broadened, becoming indispensable in primary cases of high hair implantation and in patients requiring major skin resection. Methods: The total number of rhytidoplasties performed was 7,356, with 2,512 patients operated using the Peninsula technique from 1999 to 2016. Mean age was 48, 98% were females and 2% males. The technique presents three variants. Results: Patients were monitored on a monthly basis until discharge at the end of six months. Among the results, there were some complications, which are usual in any type of facial surgery. In the great majority of cases, with the use of the Peninsula, it was possible to obtain good skin traction, with the greater correction of the mid third, maintaining the capillary implantation line. Conclusion: We can conclude that the Peninsula technique is a unique resource, easily reproducible, capable of reducing the learning curve in rhytidoplasty, as it allows generous skin resection without changing capillary implantation, avoiding post-surgical stigma and optimizing the quality of the results and patient satisfaction, with a little scar burden.